E-BOOK
Weed biology and control
Weed control is one of the most intensive management practices in different production
systems in tropical regions and can influence both agricultural productivity and impact the
environment. Despite the importance of this issue, studies reporting the action of different
methods of weed control on soil physical properties and their effects on the management and
conservation of soil and water are scarce, requiring a greater understanding of the adequacy
of management systems. Weeds are considered one of the major constraints in crop production
and may substantially reduce yields when not controlled properly. Potential yield reductions
caused by uncontrolled weeds are estimated at Śś % to şś % depending on the crop, ecological
and climatic conditions [ŗ].
A key to effectiveness weed management is a holistic approach regarding the scenario
considered and must include a combination of tactics and practices in order to successfully
and economically reduce the potentially negative impacts inherent to weeds incidence [Ř].
There are numerous methods of mechanical control of weeds including mowing, cultivation,
hoeing, flaming, mulching, and hand weeding. Chemical control of weeds mainly consists of
using pre and post-emergence herbicides and soil fumigants [Ř]. Herbicides and tillage are the
dominant practices in many production systems due to efficiency and facilities for weed
control [ř]. However, these methods may be inadequate for weed control in tropical conditions
and may have negative impacts on soil and to the environment most of these impacts are
related to hydric erosion [Ś-ŝ] and soil compaction, which affect soil quality [Ş-ŗŗ]. Weed
management and cover crops also affects micropedological [Ŝ], biological [ŗŘ-ŗř], chemical soil
properties [ŗŘ, ŗŚ-ŗŝ].
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